Biology Behind Urban Anxiety

Living in an urban area is related to a greater lifetime risk for anxiety and mood disorders, according to many researchers, and how city life affects emotion and stress centers in the brain is the focus of new research.

Researchers believe the findings may lead to strategies that improve the quality of life for city dwellers.

“Previous findings have shown that the risk for anxiety disorders is 21 percent higher for people from the city, who also have a 39 percent increase for mood disorders,” said co-author Jens Pruessner, Ph.D.

“In addition, the incidence for schizophrenia is almost doubled for individuals who are born and brought up in cities. These values are a cause for concern and determining the biology behind this is the first step to remedy the trend.”

Pruessner and colleagues studied the brain activity of healthy volunteers from urban and rural areas. In a series of functional magnetic resonance experiments they showed that city living was associated with greater stress responses in the amygdala, an area of the brain involved with emotional regulation and mood.

In contrast, urban upbringing was found to be associated with activity in the cingulate cortex, a region involved in regulation of negative affect and stress.
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“These findings suggest that different brain regions are sensitive to the experience of city living during different times across the lifespan,” said Pruessner.

“Future studies need to clarify the link between psychopathology and these affects in individuals with mental disorders.These findings contribute to our understanding of urban environmental risk for mental disorders and health in general. They further point to a new approach to interface social sciences, neurosciences and public policy to respond to the major health challenge of urbanization.”

PsychCentral